The Influence of Metatarsalgia on Functional Independence in Young Athletes with Varying Levels of Physical Activity and Socioeconomic Status

Abstract

Background: Metatarsalgia is a prevalent forefoot disorder contributing to pain, disability, and reduced mobility, particularly among physically active populations. Although primarily studied in older adults and patients with systemic conditions, little is known about its impact on functional independence in young athletes, a group potentially vulnerable due to biomechanical loading, sport-specific stresses, and socioeconomic disparities. Objective: To determine the influence of metatarsalgia on functional independence among young athletes aged 18–35 years with varying levels of physical activity and socioeconomic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study enrolled 169 athletes diagnosed with metatarsalgia involving the lesser metatarsals. Participants completed the validated Foot Function Index (FFI) questionnaire assessing pain, disability, and activity limitation. Demographic and biomechanical variables including age, gender, BMI, foot type, and socioeconomic status were recorded. Statistical analysis used Spearman’s correlation with a significance threshold of p<0.05. Results: The mean overall FFI score was 38.15% (SD ±5.82), indicating moderate impairment. Significant positive correlations were observed between FFI and BMI (ρ=0.613, p=0.008) and foot type abnormality (ρ=0.515, p=0.035), while gender was negatively correlated (ρ=–0.213, p=0.005), indicating greater impairment among females. Age was not significantly correlated (ρ=0.123, p=0.111). Conclusion: Metatarsalgia in young athletes is associated with moderate foot-related disability, particularly among females, those with elevated BMI, and those with abnormal foot types, underscoring the need for individualized preventive and rehabilitative strategies.