Prevalence and Risk Factors of Coccydynia Among Bike Riders

Abstract

Background: Coccydynia, or tailbone pain, is an underrecognized occupational problem in populations exposed to prolonged sitting, vibration, and suboptimal ergonomics, such as bike riders. The associated functional disability and pain may impair productivity and quality of life, yet the prevalence and key risk factors in this group remain poorly defined. Objective: To determine the prevalence of coccydynia and identify its occupational and ergonomic risk factors among male bike riders. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 190 male bike riders aged 16–40 years with at least one year of regular riding experience. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire including demographics, occupational and ergonomic exposures, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and a standardized plank hold test for core strength. Associations between potential risk factors and coccyx pain were analyzed using Chi-square tests, odds ratios, and 95% confidence intervals. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained. Results: The overall prevalence of coccyx pain was 33.2%. Significant associations were found for vibration exposure (pain prevalence 70.0%, OR 5.79, p < 0.001) and poor posture (prevalence 51.2%, OR 2.71, p = 0.004). Riders unable to perform a plank had a 100% prevalence of pain. The majority of pain-positive participants reported severe disability (ODI >80%). No significant association was observed for bike type, bike fit, occupation, or long sitting hours. Conclusion: Coccydynia is common and disabling among bike riders. Vibration exposure, poor posture, and weak core strength are major modifiable risk factors, underscoring the need for targeted ergonomic interventions and preventive strategies in this occupational group.