Investigating the Role of Molecular Biology Techniques in Advancing Precision Medicine and Personalized Therapeutic Approaches for Human Diseases
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/5f2rpg29Keywords:
Precision Medicine, Molecular Biology, Next-Generation Sequencing, Liquid Biopsy, CRISPR-Cas9, Personalized Therapy.Abstract
Background: Precision medicine represents a transformative shift in healthcare, aiming to tailor diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to individual patient characteristics. This paradigm is critically dependent on advancements in molecular biology techniques, which provide the tools to decipher the genetic and molecular underpinnings of disease. Understanding the role and limitations of these technologies is essential for their effective integration into clinical practice. Objective: This narrative review aims to analyze the contemporary role of key molecular biology techniques in advancing precision medicine and fostering the development of personalized therapeutic approaches for a range of human diseases. Main Discussion Points: The review synthesizes evidence around several core themes. It examines how next-generation sequencing serves as a cornerstone for genomic diagnosis and patient stratification, particularly in oncology and rare genetic diseases. The application of liquid biopsies for minimally invasive disease monitoring and the detection of resistance mechanisms is discussed. Furthermore, the review explores the revolutionary potential of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing as a curative therapeutic modality and considers the integrative power of multi-omics approaches for unraveling complex disease pathophysiology. Conclusion: Molecular biology techniques are indisputably central to the realization of precision medicine, enabling a move from empirical to mechanism-based healthcare. However, their full potential is currently constrained by challenges related to evidence generalizability, methodological standardization, and health equity. Future efforts must focus on rigorous clinical validation, the development of inclusive genomic databases, and the creation of supportive policy frameworks to ensure these powerful tools deliver equitable and improved health outcomes across diverse patient populations.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Niaz Ullah, Iffat Sajjad, Ahmad Raza Sachel, Amna Noor, Atif Maqsood, Sijal Imran (Author)
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