Impact of Hypo and Hyper Condition of Glucose and Blood Pressure Variations on Quality of Life

Abstract

Background: Blood glucose and blood pressure dysregulation can impair functional capacity and psychosocial well-being, yet the quality-of-life burden of hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, hypotension, and hypertension among young adults remains under-studied in community settings. Objective: To assess the impact of low and high blood glucose levels and blood pressure variations on quality of life among adults aged 17–30 years in Shikarpur, Pakistan. Methods: A community-based comparative observational study was conducted from July 2024 to June 2025 among 240 participants classified into hypoglycemia (n=40), hyperglycemia (n=40), hypotension (n=40), hypertension (n=40), and controls (n=80). Random capillary glucose was measured using a glucometer and blood pressure using a sphygmomanometer. Quality of life was evaluated using WHOQOL-BREF domain scores and global items. Results: Mean glucose differed markedly between controls (113.25±8.40 mg/dL) and hypoglycemia (60.45±6.34 mg/dL; p<0.001) and hyperglycemia (207.45±12.08 mg/dL; p<0.001). Hypotension showed lower systolic/diastolic pressures (83.12±8.83/52.87±7.15 mmHg), while hypertension showed higher values (153.75±14.08/103.63±13.44 mmHg) compared with controls (p≤0.01). All case groups demonstrated substantial reductions in physical, psychological, and environmental QoL domains versus controls. Conclusion: Glucose and blood pressure variations were associated with markedly poorer quality of life in young adults, supporting early screening, lifestyle intervention, and integrated mental health support.