Comparative Effect of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Technique with and Without Vibration Therapy in Calf Muscles in Prevention of Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness

Abstract

Background: Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a self-limiting but functionally disruptive condition that typically develops 24–72 hours after unaccustomed eccentric exercise, manifesting as muscle pain, stiffness, and reduced performance. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching and vibration therapy are both used to enhance flexibility, neuromuscular control, and circulation; however, their combined effect on DOMS prevention remains underexplored. Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of PNF stretching with and without vibration therapy on pain, range of motion (ROM), strength, and lower limb function in preventing DOMS in the calf muscles. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 45 healthy participants (18–35 years), equally divided into three groups: Group A received PNF stretching with vibration therapy, Group B received PNF stretching alone, and Group C served as a control with only a hot pad. Pain intensity (NPRS), ROM, one repetition maximum (1RM), and Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) were assessed pre- and post-intervention, and at 24, 48, and 72 hours post-exercise. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated-measures ANOVA and paired t-tests. Results: Group A demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in pain (p=0.011) and superior improvements in ROM, 1RM, and LEFS scores (p<0.001) compared to Groups B and C. Conclusion: PNF stretching combined with vibration therapy was significantly more effective than stretching alone or passive intervention in preventing DOMS, improving flexibility, muscle strength, and lower limb functionality.