Autism Spectrum Disorder in an 11-Year-Old Female: A Case Report Highlighting Clinical Features and Intervention Challenges

Abstract

Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by deficits in social communication, restricted interests, repetitive behaviours, and varying levels of intellectual and language impairment. Early, comprehensive assessment and tailored intervention are critical for improving functional outcomes and quality of life. Objective: This case study aimed to conduct a detailed multidimensional assessment of an 11-year-old female with ASD requiring substantial support, identify her cognitive, behavioural, and adaptive functioning profile, and design an evidence-based, individualised management plan to enhance developmental outcomes. Methods: A multi-method approach included behavioural observations, semi-structured interviews, the Portage Guide to Early Education, Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Conners’ Rating Scale-Revised, Raven’s Coloured Progressive Matrices, and Slosson Intelligence Test. Interventions such as an Individualised Education Plan (IEP), Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA), speech and language therapy, and social skills training were implemented. Results: Assessments revealed significant deficits in social reciprocity, language, and adaptive functioning, with average non-verbal intelligence but below-average verbal cognitive ability. Intervention outcomes indicated modest improvements in communication, behavioural regulation, and adaptive skills, particularly when therapy aligned with the child’s interests. Conclusion: Comprehensive, individualised interventions, family involvement, and structured support significantly improve outcomes in ASD, though persistent challenges necessitate ongoing, adaptive care.