Clinical Preparedness of Dental Students to Manage Medical Emergencies in Clinical Setting: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Medical emergencies such as syncope, hypoglycemia, seizures, and anaphylaxis can occur unexpectedly during dental procedures, requiring prompt recognition and management to prevent serious outcomes. While theoretical knowledge of these events is typically included in undergraduate curricula, practical training and simulation are often limited in Pakistan, creating potential gaps in preparedness that may compromise patient safety and professional accountability. Objective: This study aimed to assess the clinical preparedness of dental students across Pakistan to manage medical emergencies, with a focus on their exposure, confidence, curriculum coverage, and perceived training needs. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January to June 2024 across multiple dental institutions. A validated, structured questionnaire was administered to third- and final-year students, house officers, and postgraduate trainees. Data from 193 participants were analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics summarized frequencies and proportions, while chi-square tests and odds ratios with confidence intervals evaluated associations between training exposure, academic stage, and confidence levels. Results: Syncope (48.7%) and hypoglycemia (37.8%) were the most frequently encountered emergencies. Awareness of syncope protocols was high (87%), yet confidence in managing seizures (42%), chest pain (23.8%), and anaphylaxis (16%) was low. Students receiving both theoretical and practical training reported significantly greater confidence (OR 2.93, 95% CI: 1.64–5.24, p < 0.001). Lack of confidence (56%) and fear of harming patients (62.7%) were the primary barriers, although 96.4% expressed willingness to attend hands-on workshops. Conclusion: Dental students in Pakistan demonstrate adequate theoretical awareness but limited clinical readiness to manage emergencies, particularly complex cases. Integration of structured simulation, BLS certification, and mandatory practical modules into dental curricula is essential to enhance competence and safeguard patient safety.