An Observational Study on Upper Cross Syndrome in Undergraduate Medical Students of Allama Iqbal Medical College
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.61919/p1dpme44Keywords:
Upper Cross Syndrome, Neck Disability Index, Medical students, Posture, Musculoskeletal disorders.Abstract
Background: Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is a musculoskeletal condition characterized by postural imbalance and functional disability, commonly associated with sedentary behaviour and prolonged study hours. Medical students are at heightened risk due to sustained forward head posture, extended screen use, and academic stress, yet evidence from South Asian populations remains limited. Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of UCS among undergraduate medical students at Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, and to assess demographic associations with disability levels. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 76 medical students aged 18–30 years. Participants with musculoskeletal pain lasting at least one month were included, while those with congenital deformities, fractures, surgery, or systemic illness were excluded. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), Pectoralis Major Contracture Test, and Trapezius Strength Test were administered. Reliability analysis confirmed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.813). Data were analysed using chi-square tests and logistic regression, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: Moderate disability was the most prevalent finding, reported in 66.2% of participants. Severe disability was noted in 16.9%, while 5.2% were classified as crippled. Gender and age group differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.14 and p = 0.54, respectively). Conclusion: UCS is highly prevalent among medical students, with two-thirds experiencing moderate disability. Preventive ergonomic interventions, posture correction, and stress management strategies are recommended to mitigate long-term musculoskeletal morbidity.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Sharjeel Bin Munir, Sidra Kaynat, Faiza Munir, Eisha Shahzad, Mahrukh Hayat, Syed Usman Ahmad Gillani, Faiz-ur-Rehman, Kainat Fatima (Author)
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