Hormonal Dysregulation and Female Infertility: Etiology, Diagnostic Innovations, and Emerging Therapies

Abstract

Background: Hormonal dysregulation is a major yet under-investigated contributor to female infertility, often complicating diagnosis and management due to its multifactorial nature. Objective: To assess the prevalence, diagnostic practices, treatment modalities, and conception outcomes among infertile women with hormonally driven conditions, including PCOS, thyroid dysfunction, luteal phase defects, hyperprolactinemia, and adrenal disorders. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among infertile women (n = 380) aged 18–45 years attending fertility clinics. Inclusion criteria included a minimum 6-month infertility history with documented or suspected hormonal etiology. Data were collected via structured questionnaires covering clinical history, diagnostic assessments (AMH, ultrasound, hormonal profiling), and therapeutic interventions (ART, medications, lifestyle). Ethical approval was granted (IRB/2024/127), and informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and ANOVA for subgroup comparisons. Results: PCOS was the most prevalent disorder (28%), followed by thyroid dysfunction (19%) and luteal phase defects (14%). ART and medication showed highest success in LPD and PCOS respectively, with combination therapies significantly improving conception rates (up to 70%). Use of AMH testing and ultrasound was high (≥80%), and lifestyle interventions were perceived as beneficial by >50% of participants across groups. Conclusion: Hormonal dysregulation significantly impacts female fertility, with PCOS and thyroid dysfunction being predominant. Integration of advanced diagnostics and individualized therapies can improve reproductive outcomes, highlighting the importance of tailored fertility management in endocrine-related infertility.