Frequency of Lumbar Disc Herniation in Patients with Lower Back Pain on Magnetic Resonance Imaging at Peshawar Institute of Cardiology

Abstract

Background: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) represents a common etiology of lower back pain (LBP), contributing significantly to disability and healthcare burden globally. The condition involves displacement of intervertebral disc components, leading to nerve compression and pain, with regional variations in prevalence potentially influenced by demographic and occupational factors (1-4). Despite being a frequent clinical concern, data specific to LDH prevalence in Peshawar, Pakistan, remains limited, necessitating regional studies to inform diagnostic and preventive strategies (5-7). Objective: To determine the frequency of lumbar disc herniation among patients presenting with lower back pain and identify the most commonly affected disc levels on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Radiology Department of Peshawar Institute of Cardiology between January 2023 and January 2024. MRI reports of 249 patients aged 18 to 75 years with lower back pain were reviewed using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics computed with SPSS version 27. Results: Of 249 patients, 231 (92.8%) exhibited LDH, with a slightly higher frequency in females (47.0%) than males (45.8%). The L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels were most affected (28.8%). Disc bulging was the predominant type (49.8%), and 95.9% reported LBP symptoms. Conclusion: LDH is highly prevalent among LBP patients in Peshawar, with L4-L5 and L5-S1 discs being most involved. Early detection and public awareness may reduce morbidity associated with this condition.