Comparative Effects of Autogenic and Reciprocal Inhibition Techniques on Range of Motion, Pain and Disability Among Smartphone Users with Trapezitis

Abstract

Background: Trapezitis, a condition characterized by inflammation and pain in the trapezius muscle, is increasingly prevalent among smartphone users due to sustained poor posture and muscle strain. Non-pharmacological interventions such as muscle energy techniques have been explored for improving pain, range of motion (ROM), and functional disability, yet comparative evidence regarding their relative efficacy remains limited. Objective: To compare the effects of autogenic inhibition and reciprocal inhibition techniques on range of motion, pain, and disability among smartphone users with trapezitis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted at Nusrat Rasheed Medical Complex, Lahore, over eight months from July 2023 to December 2024. Forty participants diagnosed with trapezitis were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (autogenic inhibition) and Group B (reciprocal inhibition). Each group received treatment three times per week, consisting of 2 sets of 10 repetitions, over a six-week period. Outcome measures included Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and goniometric assessment of cervical ROM, evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and parametric tests were applied accordingly. Results: The mean age of participants in both groups was 27.24±4.007 years. Independent T-test revealed no significant difference between groups at baseline (p>0.05). However, paired T-test within-group analysis indicated significant improvements in both groups post-treatment (p<0.05), with Group B exhibiting greater improvements in pain reduction, ROM, and disability scores. Conclusion: Reciprocal inhibition technique is more effective than autogenic inhibition in improving pain, range of motion, and functional disability among patients with trapezitis associated with smartphone use.