Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Artificial Intelligence Among Physiotherapists: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Abstract

Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming healthcare delivery, including physiotherapy, where it holds potential for enhancing patient assessment, treatment personalization, and clinical efficiency. However, evidence on physiotherapists’ understanding and acceptance of AI remains limited, particularly in low-to middle-income settings such as Pakistan. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and attitude of physiotherapists regarding the use and impact of AI in clinical physiotherapy practice, identifying gaps that may hinder its effective integration. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among physiotherapists (n = 374) from tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, using stratified sampling. Inclusion criteria were licensed physiotherapists aged 20–55 years with ≥1 year of clinical experience. Data was collected through a validated questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge (9 items), and attitudes (11 items) towards AI. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of Bahria University (BUHS-IRB#124/24), adhering to the Declaration of Helsinki. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and regression analysis were performed using SPSS version 27. Results: Most participants (n = 192, 51.3%) had limited knowledge of AI applications in physiotherapy, while a substantial proportion (n = 260, 69.5%) agreed AI aids in patient assessment. Positive attitudes were observed toward AI reducing workload (n = 166, 44.4%) and improving clinical decision-making (n = 274, 73.3%). However, concerns were noted regarding AI’s autonomy and communication capabilities. Significant associations were found between attitude scores and participants' employment sectors (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Although physiotherapists exhibit openness towards AI in rehabilitation, substantial knowledge deficits exist, necessitating targeted education and training initiatives. Integrating AI literacy into professional development may enhance clinical outcomes and readiness for digital transformation in healthcare.