Lack of Antibiotic Knowledge and Misuse of Antibiotics by Medical Students in Lahore: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a critical global health challenge, exacerbated by the widespread misuse of antibiotics, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Medical students, as future prescribers, are pivotal in combating AMR, yet studies indicate substantial gaps in their knowledge and prescribing behavior. Misconceptions regarding antibiotic indications and poor adherence to rational use principles contribute to the escalating threat of resistance. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and misuse patterns of antibiotics among undergraduate medical students and to assess the relationship between their knowledge levels and antibiotic-related health-seeking behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June and September 2024 at two private medical colleges in Lahore, Pakistan. Using a validated, structured questionnaire, data were collected from 379 medical students selected through convenience sampling. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied using SPSS version 25.0 to assess knowledge accuracy and behavioral trends related to antibiotic use. Results: Only 57.5% of students correctly identified antibiotics as effective against bacteria, and 51.2% understood they are ineffective against viral infections. However, 54.6% reported self-medication with antibiotics, and 59.9% admitted discontinuing antibiotics when symptoms improved. Moreover, 46.4% shared antibiotics with family, and 71.2% did not check expiry dates before use, highlighting both knowledge deficits and high-risk behaviors. Conclusion: Medical students demonstrate poor understanding and inappropriate antibiotic practices, underscoring the need for targeted educational interventions in medical curricula to foster responsible antibiotic use and mitigate AMR development.