Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections and Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Diabetic Patients in Pakistan.

Abstract

Background: Diabetic patients are at an increased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) due to impaired immune function and glycemic imbalances. Antimicrobial resistance in uropathogens adds to the challenge, necessitating localized studies for evidence-based treatment strategies. Objective: To assess the prevalence of UTIs, identify uropathogens, and evaluate their antibiotic resistance patterns in diabetic patients in Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 145 diabetic patients aged ≥18 years. Participants with symptomatic UTI or asymptomatic bacteriuria were recruited from a tertiary care hospital over six months. Urine samples were analyzed using standard microbiological methods to identify pathogens, and antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with chi-square and logistic regression applied for statistical significance. Results: UTIs were identified in 93 patients (64.1%), with Escherichia coli being the predominant pathogen (66.2%). Resistance rates were highest for ciprofloxacin (68%) and ceftriaxone (59%), while nitrofurantoin and imipenem showed sensitivities of 82% and 91%, respectively. Poor glycemic control (HbA1c > 7.0%) significantly increased UTI prevalence (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The high prevalence of UTIs and antimicrobial resistance in diabetic patients highlights the importance of culture-based antibiotic therapy and glycemic control in managing infections.