Prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome and Its Association with Posture in Working Women

Abstract

Background: Upper Cross Syndrome (UCS) is an increasingly recognized postural disorder characterized by muscle imbalance, often associated with sedentary occupations and poor ergonomic practices. Despite its clinical significance, there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence and impact of UCS among working women in low- and middle-income urban environments. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Upper Cross Syndrome and assess its association with posture changes and functional limitations among working women in Karachi. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 180 working women, aged 20–60 years, from diverse occupational settings in Karachi. Postural assessment was performed using the Reedco tool, and functional status was evaluated via the Modified Oswestry Neck Disability Index. Logistic regression was used to identify significant predictors of UCS, adjusting for demographic and occupational factors. Results: The prevalence of UCS was 6.1%. Functional difficulties in lifting (OR 2.23, p = 0.015), personal care (OR 2.30, p = 0.007), and disturbed sleep (OR 1.76, p = 0.002) were significantly associated with UCS. Age and headache frequency were not significant predictors. Moderate pain and postural deviations were prominent among affected individuals. Conclusion: UCS represents a relevant occupational health issue among working women in Karachi, with functional impairment and poor posture as key risk factors. Workplace ergonomic interventions are recommended to reduce the burden of UCS.