Effects of Teach Back Training Intervention on Pulmonary Functions in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients

Abstract

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, characterized by progressive airflow limitation and dyspnea. Despite the proven benefits of physiotherapeutic breathing exercises, poor patient understanding often limits their effectiveness. Structured educational models like Teach Back Training (TBT) may bridge this gap by enhancing comprehension and adherence. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Teach Back Training intervention in improving pulmonary functions and reducing dyspnea in COPD patients, using spirometric parameters and the Borg Dyspnea Scale. Methods: A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted with n = 45 COPD patients recruited from pulmonary wards of tertiary care hospitals in Lahore. Participants aged 18–75 years with FEV1/FVC < 70% and no cognitive impairment were randomized into TBT (n = 20) and conventional training groups (n = 20). The TBT group received structured instruction on diaphragmatic, pursued-lip breathing, and effective coughing, while the control group received standard care. Outcomes were measured using digital spirometry and Borg Dyspnea Scale at baseline and after four weeks. The study was approved by the institutional ethical board and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26, applying paired and independent t-tests. Results: Post-intervention spirometric values showed significant improvement in the TBT group versus controls: FEV1 (2.48 ± 1.33 vs. 1.99 ± 0.12 L, p < 0.001), FVC (2.83 ± 0.35 vs. 2.40 ± 0.44 L, p = 0.002), FEV1/FVC ratio (64.51 ± 6.46 vs. 59.51 ± 5.46%, p = 0.012), and Borg Dyspnea scores (3.35 ± 1.25 vs. 6.10 ± 1.65, p < 0.001). All improvements were both statistically and clinically significant. Conclusion: Teach Back Training significantly enhances pulmonary function and reduces dyspnea in COPD patients, offering a clinically valuable, low-cost adjunct to standard physiotherapy. Its implementation in rehabilitation programs may improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burden.