Evaluation Of Hemodynamic Changes of Fetal Renal Artery in Relation with Increased or Decreased Amniotic Fluid Index of Gestating Women in 3rd Trimester
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Background: Amniotic fluid volume is an important marker of fetal well-being, placental function, and fetal renal activity during late pregnancy. Because fetal urine contributes substantially to amniotic fluid volume in the third trimester, fetal renal artery Doppler indices may provide adjunctive information regarding renal perfusion in pregnancies with abnormal amniotic fluid index. Objective: To evaluate fetal renal artery Doppler indices among third-trimester pregnant women with normal AFI, oligohydramnios, and polyhydramnios. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 40 singleton third-trimester pregnancies assessed at The Doctors Hospital, Gujrat. Participants were categorized as normal AFI, oligohydramnios, or polyhydramnios. Fetal renal artery pulsatility index, resistive index, and systolic-to-diastolic ratio were measured using Doppler ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson and Spearman correlation, and multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics version 27. Results: Normal AFI was observed in 21 participants (52.5%), oligohydramnios in 12 (30.0%), and polyhydramnios in 7 (17.5%). Fetal renal artery PI and RI showed borderline differences across AFI categories, with p-values of 0.051 and 0.062, respectively. Spearman correlation showed a significant inverse association between AFI and renal artery RI (rho = −0.322, p = 0.043). Renal artery S/D ratio and estimated fetal weight were significantly associated with AFI in regression analysis. Conclusion: Fetal renal artery Doppler indices, particularly RI, showed clinically relevant association with AFI in third-trimester pregnancies. Renal artery Doppler may provide adjunctive information during AFI assessment, although larger studies are needed
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