Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Workplace violence is a major occupational hazard in healthcare settings, particularly among nurses who are at the frontline of patient care. It negatively affects physical and psychological well-being and job performance, especially in tertiary care hospitals. Objective: To determine the prevalence and types of workplace violence (verbal and physical) experienced by nurses working at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro, and to assess associated factors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March 2026 at Liaquat University Hospital, Hyderabad/Jamshoro. A sample of 133 participants was selected through non-probability convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire adapted from a previously validated study and distributed via Google Forms. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 27. Descriptive statistics were used to determine prevalence, while the Chi-square test was applied to assess associations between variables, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of workplace violence was high, with 90.2% of nurses reporting verbal violence and 33.8% reporting physical violence. Shouting (75.2%) and insults (48.9%) were the most common forms of verbal abuse, mainly perpetrated by patient attendants (50.4%). Pushing (26.3%) was the most frequently reported form of physical violence. Psychological distress (31.6%), fear at the workplace (12.8%), reduced job satisfaction (66.1%), and poor concentration (73.7%) were commonly reported consequences. No statistically significant association was found between years of experience and verbal (p = 0.426) or physical violence (p = 0.101). Conclusion: Workplace violence among nurses is highly prevalent, with verbal abuse being the most common form, followed by physical violence. Patient attendants were identified as the primary perpetrators. Strengthening hospital security, improving communication, enhancing staff training, and implementing strict reporting systems are essential to ensure a safe working environment for nurses.