Frequency of Iron Deficiency Anemia Among Heart Failure Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy
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Background: Iron deficiency anemia is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in patients with heart failure and may worsen functional capacity, symptom burden, and overall clinical status, particularly in those with dilated cardiomyopathy. Objective: To determine the frequency of iron deficiency anemia among patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy presenting to a tertiary care cardiology department in Quetta. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Cardiology, Bolan Medical College/Hospital, Quetta, from 12 February 2024 to 30 September 2024. A total of 131 patients with echocardiographically confirmed dilated cardiomyopathy were enrolled. Clinical severity was assessed using NYHA functional class, and blood samples were obtained for complete blood count and iron profile evaluation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables, means and standard deviations for quantitative variables, and post-stratification chi-square testing was applied. Results: The mean age was 52.23 ± 5.62 years, and 71.8% of participants were male. Iron deficiency anemia was observed in 55 of 131 patients, yielding a frequency of 42.0%. The burden of iron deficiency anemia increased across NYHA classes, from 28.6% in class I to 57.7% in class III, with persistently high prevalence in class IV (50.0%), although the overall association was not statistically significant (p=0.066). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia is common in patients with heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy and appears more frequent among those with greater functional limitation. Routine evaluation for iron deficiency anemia may improve clinical assessment in this population.
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