Health and Rehabilitation Challenges Among Date Palm Farming Communities in Khairpur, Sindh: Occupational Risks, Food Safety, and Public Health Perspectives

Abstract

Background: Date palm farming is economically significant in Sindh, Pakistan, however, farming households often face overlapping occupational health risks, storage-related food safety challenges, and limited access to rehabilitation support. Evidence from Khairpur  remains limited  regarding the combined burden of pesticide exposure, musculoskeletal strain, and post-harvest safety challenges. Objective: To examine health-related problems, rehabilitation constraints, and food safety concerns among date palm farming households in Khairpur, Sindh. Methods: A mixed-method field-based study was conducted among 120 date palm farming households in Khairpur. Quantitative data were collected through structured surveys and analyzed using descriptive statistics, while interviews and field observations were used to provide contextual insight into occupational risks, storage practices, and rehabilitation access. Outcomes included self-reported occupational symptoms, personal protective equipment use, storage-related food safety conditions, and perceived availability of rehabilitation services. Results: Respiratory irritation was reported by 68.3% of participants and musculoskeletal strain by 54.2%, while skin irritation and neurological complaints were reported by 32.5% and 11.7%, respectively. Consistent use of protective equipment was reported by 21.7%, whereas 46.6% reported no use. Pest infestation and fungal contamination risk were observed in 40.8% and 35.8% of storage facilities, respectively, while proper ventilation was present in only 23.3%. Adequate rehabilitation access was reported by 15.8%, and 50.0% reported no access. Interview-based observations were consistent with these patterns and highlighted routine exposure, physical strain, and service limitations. Conclusion: Date palm farming communities in Khairpur appear to face substantial and overlapping occupational, food safety, and rehabilitation challenges. Integrated interventions focusing on safer pesticide practices, improved storage management, and accessible rural rehabilitation services are warranted.