Perceived Barriers to Participating in Dental Research Among Undergraduate Students

Abstract

Background: Research engagement during undergraduate dental training strengthens evidence-based practice and academic development, yet participation remains limited in many low- and middle-income settings due to structural and educational constraints. Objective: To assess perceived barriers to participating in dental research among undergraduate dental students in Pakistan and examine associations between prior research participation and self-reported research confidence. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey (17-item, two-section questionnaire) was administered to BDS students across Pakistani dental institutions from 1 July to 31 August. Data included demographics, research exposure, perceived barriers (training, opportunities, academic pressure), process-related experiences (questionnaire design, IRB, publication), and confidence to conduct research. Analyses were performed using SPSS v25, with categorical associations tested using chi-square-based methods. Results: Among 190 respondents, 68.4% were female and 73.2% were from public/government institutions; third- and fourth-year students comprised 25.8% and 25.3%, respectively. Prior research participation that enhanced learning was reported by 49.5%. Only 43.1% agreed that research opportunities are available, while 85.8% agreed that lack of research training discourages participation. Academic pressure affected research participation in 95.3% of students. Prior research participation was significantly associated with higher research confidence (χ²=41.217, df=12, p<0.001). Conclusion: Pakistani dental undergraduates report high academic pressure, insufficient training, and limited opportunities as major barriers; early structured training and mentorship may improve confidence and engagement.