Effects of Post Isometric Relaxation Versus Post Facilitation Stretch to Increase Mobility Among Rounded Shoulder University Students

Abstract

Background: Rounded shoulder posture (RSP) is common among university students and is associated with muscle imbalance, reduced shoulder mobility, and functional limitations. Muscle Energy Techniques such as Post-Isometric Relaxation (PIR) and Post-Facilitation Stretching (PFS) are used to improve flexibility and restore mobility, but direct comparative evidence in RSP remains limited. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of PIR versus PFS in improving shoulder mobility, posture-related wall test performance, and pain-related disability among university students with RSP. Methods: A randomized clinical trial was conducted at Gujranwala Institute of Medical and Emerging Sciences. Students aged 18–28 years with confirmed RSP were allocated into PIR (n=65) or PFS (n=65). Both groups received postural correction guidance and scapular retraction exercises; Group 1 received PIR and Group 2 received PFS three sessions/week for four weeks. Outcomes included goniometric shoulder ROM (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation), SPADI, and wall test. Results: Both interventions significantly improved mobility and function (p<0.001). PFS demonstrated superior post-intervention outcomes for flexion (p=0.002), extension (p<0.001), adduction (p<0.001), SPADI (p<0.001), and wall test (p<0.001) at p≤0.01. Abduction (p=0.029) and external rotation (p=0.022) favored PFS but did not meet the prespecified alpha. Conclusion: Both PIR and PFS were effective, with PFS producing greater short-term improvements in key mobility and functional outcomes among students with RSP.