Clinical Profile and Outcome of Dengue Fever in Patients Presenting to Emergency Department of Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Background: Dengue fever remains a major mosquito-borne viral illness worldwide, with significant morbidity in endemic countries such as Pakistan. Seasonal outbreaks, often linked to monsoon-related flooding, pose challenges to healthcare systems. The Emergency Department of Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, frequently encounters high patient loads during dengue surges, necessitating updated clinical data to guide triage and management. Objective: This study aimed to characterize the demographic profile, clinical features, laboratory abnormalities, and outcomes of patients presenting with dengue fever to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Methods: A prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted from July to December 2024. A total of 150 confirmed dengue patients, diagnosed using NS1 antigen or IgM antibody tests, were enrolled. Demographic information, clinical symptoms, hematological parameters, and outcomes were recorded. Associations between variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, logistic regression, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: The median age was 28 years, with 56% male patients. Fever was universal (100%), followed by headache (76%) and myalgia (68%). Thrombocytopenia occurred in 82%, and leukopenia in 54%. Hospitalization was required in 64%, while 18% developed dengue hemorrhagic fever. Mortality was 2%. Rural residence was significantly associated with higher hospitalization and complication rates. Conclusion: Dengue fever in Peshawar primarily affects young adults and imposes substantial morbidity. Early recognition, timely supportive care, and strengthened public health measures are essential to reduce severe outcomes during seasonal epidemics