Comparative Evaluation of Wrist and Hand in Tailors and Embroiderers in Lahore: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Repetitive hand and wrist movements among tailors and embroiderers result in cumulative musculoskeletal strain that can impair function and productivity. Despite the high prevalence of such occupations in Pakistan, limited evidence quantifies functional disability using validated scales. Objective: To evaluate and compare wrist and hand function among tailors and embroiderers in Lahore using the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) scale. Methods: A community-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from March to June 2023 among 379 participants (193 tailors and 186 embroiderers) selected through convenient sampling. Data were collected using the PRWHE questionnaire assessing pain and function on a 0–100 scale. Descriptive and inferential statistics, including t-tests and logistic regression, were used to compare occupational groups, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The mean PRWHE total scores indicated mild disability in both groups (tailors: 22.72±10.76; embroiderers: 22.33±10.96; p=0.73). Pain subscale scores were 12.19±7.17 for tailors and 11.51±6.31 for embroiderers, while functional limitations were 10.52±4.70 and 10.81±5.31, respectively. Mild functional disability was most prevalent (70.98%), followed by no disability (22.16%) and moderate disability (6.86%). Body mass index showed a significant association with functional impairment (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both tailors and embroiderers experience comparable mild wrist and hand disability due to repetitive occupational strain. Ergonomic interventions, weight management, and structured rest schedules are essential to prevent progression to chronic musculoskeletal disorders