The Relationship Between Perceived Domestic Environment and Its Impact on Academic Self-Efficacy in Undergraduate Nursing Students in KP, Pakistan
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Background: Perceived family environment may influence students’ confidence in managing academic, personal, and professional challenges, but evidence among undergraduate nursing students in Pakistan remains limited. Objective: To assess family intimacy, family contradiction, and general self-efficacy and determine their relationships among undergraduate nursing students in Swabi, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional correlational study included 433 undergraduate nursing students selected using stratified random sampling. Family environment was assessed using the 15-item Family Intimacy Scale and 15-item Family Contradiction Scale, while general self-efficacy was assessed using the 10-item General Self-Efficacy Scale. Descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha, and Pearson correlation analysis were applied. Results: Moderate family intimacy was reported by 237 (54.7%) participants and moderate family contradiction by 294 (67.9%). Average general self-efficacy was observed in 273 (63.0%) students. Mean scores were 10.19 ± 2.35 for family intimacy, 7.63 ± 2.42 for family contradiction, and 25.88 ± 5.21 for general self-efficacy. Family intimacy correlated positively with general self-efficacy (r=0.30, p<0.001), whereas family contradiction correlated negatively with general self-efficacy (r=−0.25, p<0.001). Family intimacy and contradiction were also negatively correlated (r=−0.20, p<0.001). Conclusion: Perceived family environment was associated with general self-efficacy among undergraduate nursing students, although the cross-sectional design does not establish causality
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