Comparison of Language Development in Typical and Atypical Childern Age 5 to 8 Years
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Background: Language development is influenced by biological, environmental, educational, and developmental factors. Standardized assessment may help identify receptive and expressive language difficulties during the early school years. Objective: To compare language development among typically and atypically developing children aged 5–8 years using the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals–Fifth Edition. Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study included 380 children recruited through convenience sampling from selected schools in Lahore, Pakistan, between October 2022 and March 2023. Language performance was assessed using CELF-5-related receptive–expressive and language content–structure measures. Frequencies and percentages were calculated across age and score categories. Results: The sample included 190 children aged 5 years, 109 aged 6 years, 72 aged 7 years, and 9 aged 8 years. For receptive–expressive language, 219 children (57.6%) scored within the 0–10 category, 112 (29.5%) within 11–21, and 49 (12.9%) within 22–29. For language content–structure, the corresponding frequencies were 207 (54.5%), 116 (30.5%), and 57 (15.0%). The available tables did not provide developmental-group-specific results. Conclusion: Lower score categories were the most frequently observed across both language indices. However, the reported aggregate data were insufficient to establish statistically valid differences between typical and atypical children
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