Exploring the Emotional and Postoperative Experiences of First-Time Mothers Following Emergency Cesarean Section in Faisalabad, Pakistan: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Background: Emergency cesarean section is a potentially life-saving obstetric intervention but may cause considerable fear, uncertainty, and emotional distress, particularly among women experiencing childbirth for the first time. Objective: To explore the emotional and postoperative experiences of first-time mothers following emergency cesarean section in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Methods: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted over four months at Mujahid Hospital, Faisalabad. Fourteen first-time mothers aged 18–40 years who had undergone emergency cesarean section were recruited through purposive sampling. Data were collected through private, semi-structured, in-depth interviews lasting approximately 30–45 minutes. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed manually using Braun and Clarke’s six-phase thematic-analysis process. Results: Three interrelated themes were generated: anticipatory threat and uncertainty, disrupted birth expectations and emotional distress, and postoperative recovery and positive reinterpretation. Participants described fear of anesthesia, surgery, maternal or newborn harm, and uncertain recovery. The unexpected transition from anticipated vaginal birth to surgical delivery produced disappointment, helplessness, and emotional distress. During recovery, reduced physical discomfort and perceived maternal and newborn wellbeing contributed to relief, optimism, gratitude, and greater acceptance. Conclusion: Emergency cesarean section was experienced as both a clinically necessary intervention and a psychologically significant event. Clear communication, respectful emotional support, and appropriate postpartum assessment may help women adjust following an unexpected surgical birth