Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Lifestyle Modification Among Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease in CPEIC Multan
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Background: Ischemic heart disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Pakistan, and sustained lifestyle modification is essential for secondary prevention. However, patient adherence to diet, physical activity, smoking cessation, medication use, and follow-up remains challenging, particularly in low-resource settings. Objective: This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding lifestyle modification among patients with ischemic heart disease admitted to CPEIC Multan. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted from January to March 2026 among 100 patients aged 30–70 years with confirmed ischemic heart disease. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire assessing demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to lifestyle modification. KAP scores were categorized as good, moderate, or poor using predefined percentage cutoffs. Results: The mean age was 52.4 ± 8.2 years, and 62.0% were male. Good knowledge, attitude, and practice scores were observed in 55.0%, 47.0%, and 26.0% of participants, respectively. Awareness was high for smoking as a risk factor and physical activity as protective, but only 42.0% correctly identified high-cholesterol foods as a risk. Medication adherence was reported by 82.0%, while regular exercise, dietary modification, salt restriction, and smoking cessation among smokers were reported by 28.0%, 35.0%, 30.0%, and 26.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Patients demonstrated a marked knowledge-practice gap, indicating the need for structured, culturally appropriate, family-inclusive lifestyle counseling and cardiac rehabilitation support
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