Correlation of Hormonal Profile with Pelvic Ultrasonographic Findings in Anovulatory Infertility

Abstract

Background: Anovulatory infertility is commonly associated with endocrine dysregulation and abnormal ovarian morphology, particularly in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Hormonal assays provide functional information about gonadotropin activity, ovarian reserve, and thyroid-related endocrine influence, while pelvic ultrasonography demonstrates follicular burden, dominant follicle development, ovarian morphology, and endometrial response. Objective: To evaluate the association between hormonal profile and pelvic ultrasonographic findings among women with anovulatory infertility. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 100 women aged 18–40 years presenting with infertility and suspected anovulation at Gillani Ultrasound Center. Hormonal parameters included follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, anti-Müllerian hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. Pelvic ultrasonographic parameters included right and left antral follicle count, total antral follicle count, endometrial thickness, dominant follicle status, and PCOS morphology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent-samples t-tests, with p≤0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Mean age was 30.25±5.16 years and mean infertility duration was 3.53±1.51 years. PCOS morphology was present in 51.0%, irregular cycles in 51.0%, and dominant follicles were absent in 51.0%. Women with PCOS had significantly higher LH, AMH, TSH, and total AFC, while FSH was higher in women without PCOS (all p<0.001). Conclusion: Combined hormonal and pelvic ultrasonographic assessment demonstrated clinically meaningful endocrine-ultrasonographic differences in women with anovulatory infertility, particularly according to PCOS status