Frequency of Bicuspid Aortic Valve and Coarctation of Aorta in Young Patients Presenting with Aortic Stenosis
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Background: Aortic stenosis in young patients is frequently associated with congenital structural abnormalities rather than degenerative valvular disease. Among these, bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta are clinically important because their coexistence may increase aortic complications, ventricular loading, and long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Objective: To determine the frequency of bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta in young patients presenting with aortic stenosis. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the emergency and outpatient departments of Shaikh Zahid Bin Al Nayyan Institute of Cardiology, Quetta, from January 2025 to December 2025. A total of 136 young patients with aortic stenosis were enrolled after informed consent. Demographic and clinical data were recorded, and echocardiography was performed by a consultant cardiologist to identify bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Quantitative variables were summarized as mean ± standard deviation, qualitative variables as frequencies and percentages, and post-stratification chi-square testing was applied with p ≤ 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean age was 31.86 ± 8.21 years, and 58.8% of participants were male. Bicuspid aortic valve was identified in 34 patients (25.0%), while coarctation of the aorta was present in 52 patients (38.2%). Diabetes mellitus showed a significant association with bicuspid aortic valve (p = 0.025), whereas age, sex, hypertension, and smoking were not significantly associated with bicuspid aortic valve or coarctation of the aorta. Conclusion: Bicuspid aortic valve and coarctation of the aorta were common among young patients presenting with aortic stenosis. Early recognition of these associated congenital abnormalities may improve diagnostic assessment, surveillance, and management in this population.
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