Prevalence of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Among Security Guards

Abstract

Background: Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition associated with anterior knee pain, often affecting individuals in physically demanding occupations. Despite its clinical importance, there is a lack of evidence on PFPS prevalence in security guards, a population frequently exposed to prolonged standing and repetitive knee stress. This study addresses the gap by assessing PFPS prevalence and age-related trends in this occupational group. Objective: To determine the prevalence and severity of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome among male security guards aged 30–50 years, and to analyze its association with age-related occupational exposure. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 323 male security guards recruited through convenience sampling from hospitals and shopping malls in Gujranwala. Participants aged 30–50 years with at least one year of work experience were included, while individuals with orthopedic conditions, congenital abnormalities, or assistive device use were excluded. PFPS was assessed using the Kujala Anterior Knee Pain Scale. Ethical approval was obtained from the CMH Gujranwala Research Committee, and the study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v27, employing descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests to assess associations. Results: Moderate PFPS was observed in 39.0% of participants, with the highest prevalence in the 45–50-year age group. A statistically significant association between age and PFPS severity was found (χ² = 216.837, p < 0.001), indicating increased risk with advancing age. Clinically, the findings reflect a considerable burden of PFPS related to occupational stress. Conclusion: PFPS is highly prevalent among security guards, particularly in older age groups, highlighting the occupational risk posed by prolonged standing and repetitive knee activity. These findings support the need for preventive strategies and ergonomic interventions to reduce PFPS-related disability in labor-intensive professions.